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Here's a bibliography of research on smoking in the movies,
with the most recent studies listed first:
- Hanewinkel, R., Sargent, J.D. (2008) Exposure to Smoking in Internationally Distributed American Movies and Youth: Smoking in Germany: A Cross-cultural Cohort Study. Pediatrics 121;e108-e117.
- Titus-Ernstoff, L., Dalton, M.A., Adachi-Mejia, A.M. Longacre, M.R., Beach, M.L. (2008) Longitudinal Study of Viewing Smoking in Movies and Initiation of Smoking by Children. Pediatrics 2008;121;15-21.
-
Kachroo, S., Etzel, C.J., Wilkinson, A.V. (2007) Do
current government policies sufficiently regulate
the interaction between viewing smoking in movies
and adolescent smoking behavior? Am
J Addict. 16(6):532-3
-
Wills T.A., Sargent J.D., Stoolmiller M., et. al (2007)
Movie exposure to smoking cues and adolescent smoking
onset: a test for mediation through peer affiliations.
Health
Psychol. 26(6):769-76.
- St Romain. T., Hawley, S.R., Ablah, E., Kabler, B.S., Molgaard, C.A. (2007) Tobacco use in silent film: precedents of modern-day substance use portrayals. J Community Health 32(6):413-8.
- Song, A.V., Ling, P.M., Torsten B. Neilands, T.B., Glantz, S.A. (2007)
Smoking in Movies and Increased Smoking Among
Young Adults. Am. J. Preventive Med 33(5):396–403.
-
Hanewinkel, R., Sargent, J.D. (2007) Exposure to smoking
in popular contemporary movies and youth smoking in
Germany. Am.
J. Prev. Med 32(6):466-73.
- Hanewinkel, R., Wiborg, G. (2007)
Smoking in contemporary German television programming. Int J Public Health 52:308-312.
- Laugesen, M., Scragg, R., Wellman, R.J., DiFranza, J.R. (2007)
R-rated film viewing and adolescent smoking. Preventive Medicine doi:10,1016/jpmed.2007.07.025.
- Sargent, J.D, Stoolmiller, M., Worth, K.A., et. al (2007)
Exposure to Smoking Depictions in Movies: Its Association With Established Adolescent Smoking. Arch. Pediatr. Adolesc. Med. 161:849-856.
- Dal Cin, S., Gibson, B., Zanna, M.P., Shumate, R., Fong, G.T. (2007)
Smoking in movies, implicit associations of smoking with the self, and intentions to smoke. Psychol Sci. 18:559-63.
-
Edwards, C., Oakes, W.,Bull, D. (2007) Out of the
smokescreen II: will an advertisement targeting the
tobacco industry affect young people’s perception
of smoking in movies and their intention to smoke?
Tobacco
Control 6:177-181.
- Jackson
C., Brown J.D. L'Engle K.L. (2007) R-Rated Movies,
Bedroom Televisions, and Initiation of Smoking by
White and Balck Adolescents. Arch.
Pediatr. Adolesc. Med. 161:260-268.
- McMillen R.C., Tanski S., Winickoff J.P., Valentine N. (2007) Attitudes about smoking in the movies. Social Climate Survey of Tobacco Control. Mississippi State University Social Science Research Center, American Academy of Pediatrics.
- Wellman
R.J., Sugarman D.B., DiFranza J.R, Winickoff J.P.
(2006) The Extent to Which Tobacco Marketing and Tobacco
Use in Films Contribute to Children's Use of Tobacco.
Arch.
Pediatr. Adolesc. Med. 160:1285-1296.
- Worth
K.A., Cin S.D., Sargent J.D. (2006) Prevalence of
smoking among major movie characters: 1996–2004. Tobacco
Control 15:442-446.
- Dalton
M.A., Adachi-Mejia A.M, Longacre M.R., et al. (2006)
Children’s Risk for Smoking and Drinking Parental
Rules and Monitoring of Children’s Movie Viewing Associated
with Childrens' Risk for Smoking and Drinking. Pediatrics
118;1932-1942.
- Healton
C.G., Watson-Stryker E., et al. (2006) Televised Movie
Trailers: Undermining Restrictions on Advertising
Tobacco to Youth. Arch.
Pediatr. Adolesc. Med. 160:885-888.
- Worth
K., Tanski S., Sargent J. (2006) Trends in Top Box
Office Movie Tobacco Use: 1996-2004. American Legacy
Foundation First
Look Report 16.
- US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2006) Cigarette Use Among High School Students --- United States, 1991--2005. MMWR 55(26);724-726.
- LeGresley E., Muggli M., Hurt R. (2006) Movie Mogus: British American Tobacco's covert strategy to promote cigarettes in Easter Europe. Eur. J. Pub. Health doi:10,1093/eurpub/ckl041. (Report in British Medical Journal)
- Sargent J. (2006) Smoking in film and impact on adolescent smoking: with special refernce to European adolescents. Minerva Pediatrica 58:27-45.
- Alamar B., Glantz S. (2006) Tobacco industry profits from smoking in the movies. Pediatrics 117:1642.
- Charlesworth A., Glantz S. (2006) Smoking in the Movies Increases Adolescent Smoking: A Review. Pediatrics 116 (6):1516-1528.
- Sargent
J.D., Beach M.L., et al. (2005) Exposure to movie
smoking: its relation to smoking initiation among
US adolescents. Pediatrics
116(5):1183-91.
- Sargent, J.D. (2005) Smoking in Movies: Impact on Adolescent Smoking. Adolesc. Med. 16: 345-370.
- US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2005) Tobacco Use, Access, and Exposure to Tobacco in Media among Middle and High School Students --- United States, 2004. MMWR 54(12):297-301.
- Omidvari, K., Lessnau, K., et al. (2005) Smoking in Contemporary American Cinema. Chest 128: 746-754.
- Dozier,
D.M., Lauzen, M.M., et al. (2005) Leaders and elites:
Portrayals of smoking in popular films Tobacco
Control 14: 7-9.
- Lambert,
A., Sargent, J., et al. (2004) How Philip Morris unlocked
the Japanese cigarette market: lessons for global
tobacco control Tobacco
Control 13: 400-402.
- Mekemson,
C., Glik, D., et al. (2004) Tobacco use in popular
movies during the past decade. Tobacco
Control 13: 400-402.
- Ryan, E.L., Hoerrner, K.L. (2004) Let Your Concience Be Your Guide: Smoking and Drinking in Disney's Animated Classics. Mass Communication & Societyl 7: 261-278.
- Edwards,
C.A., Harris, W.C., et al. (2004) Out of the Smokescreen:
does an anti-smoking advertisement affect young women’s
perception of smoking in movies and their intention
to smoke? Tobacco
Control 13:277-282.
- McCool,
J.P, Cameron, L., Petrie, K. (2004) Stereotyping the
smoker: adolescents’ appraisals of smokers in film.
Tobacco
Control 13:308-314.
- Thompson,
K.M., Yokota, F. (2004) Violence, Sex, and Profanity
in Films: Correlation of Movie Ratings with Content.
Medscape
General Medicine 6(3): 480900.
- Sargent,
J.D., Beach, M.L., et al. (2004) Effect of Parental
R-Rated Movie Restriction on Adolescent Smoking Initiation:
A Prospective Study Pediatrics
114:149 –156.
- Distefan,
J.M., Pierce, J.B., Gilpin, E.A. (2004) Do Favorite
Movie Stars Influence Adolescent Smoking Initiation?
Am.
J. Public Health 94:1239-1244.
- US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2004)
Cigarette Use Among High School Students --- United
States, 1991--2003. MMWR
53(23);499-502.
- Polansky, J.R., Glantz, S.A. (2004) First-Run
Smoking Presentations in U.S. Movies 1999-2003.
University of California San Francisco Center for
Tobacco Control Research and Education.
- Glantz, S.A., Kacirk, K., McCullough, C. (2004)
Back to the Future: Smoking in Movies in 2002 Compared
With 1950 Levels. Am.
J. Pub. Health 94:261-263.
- Wakefield, M., Flay, B. , et. al (2003) Role of
Media in influencing trajectories of youth smoking.
Addiction
98(suppl 1):79-103.
- Watson, N.A., Clarkson, J.P., et. al (2003) Filthy
or fashionable? Young people's perceptions of smoking
in the media Health
Education Research 18:554-567.
- Sargent, J.D., Dalton, M.A., et. al (2003) Modifying
Exposure to Smoking Depicted in Movies: A Novel Approach
to Preventing Adolescent Smoking. Arch.
Pediatric Adolesc. Med. 157:643-648.
- Dalton, M.A., Sargent, J.D., et. al (2003) Effect
of viewing smoking in movies on adolescent smoking
initiation: A cohort study. The
Lancet 362(9380):281-285. (Reprinted with permission
of The Lancet.) Summary
of Study.
- Glantz,
S.A. (2003) Smoking in movies: A major problem and
a real solution. The
Lancet 362(9380):281-285. (Reprinted with permission
of The Lancet.) Summary
of Study.
- McCool,
J.P., Cameron, L.D., Petrie, K.J. (2003) Interpretations
of smoking in film by older teenagers. Soc.
Science & Medicine 56:1023-1032.
- Policy
Analysis and Communications/World Health Organization
Tobacco Free Initiative. (2003) Bollywood:
Victim or Ally: A Study on the Portrayal of Tobacco
in India Cinema.
- Massachusetts
Public Interest Research Group (2002) Tobacco
at the Movies.
- US Centers
for Disease Control and Prevention (2002) Trends in
Cigarette Smoking Among High School Students ---United
States, 1991--2001. MMWR
May 17, 2002 / 51(19);409-412.
- Dalton,
M.A., Tickle, J.J., et. al (2002) The incidence and
context of tobacco use in popular movies from 1988
to 1997. Preventive
Med. 34:516-523.
-
Mekemson, C., Glantz, S. (2002) How the tobacco industry
built its relationship with Hollywood. Tobacco
Control 11:i81-i91
- Sargent,
J.D., Dalton, M.A., et. al (2002) Viewing tobacco
use in movies: Does it shape attitudes that mediate
adolescent smoking? Am.
J. Prev. Med. 22:137-145.
- Dalton, M.A, Ahrens, M. B, et. al (2002) Relation
between parental restrictions on movies and adolescent
use of tobacco and alcohol. Effective
Clinical Practice 5:1-10.
- Glantz,
S. (2002) Rate movies with smoking "R".
Effective
Clinical Practice 5:31-34.
- Woloshin, S. and Schwartz, L.M.
(2002) Smoke-free movies: Sense or censorship?. Effective
Clinical Practice 5:31-34.
- Gidwani
P., Sobol A., et al. (2002) Television viewing and
initiation of smoking among youth. Pediatrics
5:31-34.
- Dixon
H.G., Hill D.J. et al. (2001) Public reaction to the
portrayal of the tobacco industry in the film The
Insider. Tobacco
Control 10:285–291.
- Sargent,
J.D., Beach, M. L., et. al (2001) Effect of seeing
tobacco use in films on trying smoking among adolescents:
cross sectional study. Br.
Med. J 323:1394-7.
- Glantz,
S. (2001) Smoking in teenagers and watching films
showing smoking: Hollywood needs to stop promoting
smoking worldwide. Br.
Med. J. 323:1378-9.
- Kacirk, K., Glantz, S. (2001) Smoking in movies
in 2000 exceeded rates in the 1960s. Tobacco
Control 10: 397-398.
- Pechmann,
C. (2001). A comparison of health communication models:
Risk learning versus stereotype priming. Media
Psychology, Volume 3, 189-210.
- Tickle, J.J., Sargent, J. D., et.
al (2001) Favourite movie stars, their tobacco use
in contemporary films, and its association with adolescent
smoking. Tobacco
Control 10: 16-22.
- Sargent, J., Tickle, J., et al. (2001) Brand appearances
in contemporary cinema films and contribution to global
marketing of cigarettes. Lancet
357: 29-32.
- Escamilla, G., Cradock, A., et al. (2000). Women
and smoking in Hollywood movies: A content analysis.
Am.
J. Public Health 90(3): 412-414.
- Federal Trade Commission. (2000) Marketing
Violent Entertainment To Children: A Review Of Self-Regulation
And Industry Practices In The Motion Picture, Music
Recording & Electronic Game Industries: A Report Of
The Federal Trade Commission, Washington,
DC.
- Glantz, S., Balbach, E. (2000)
Tobacco War, Berkeley: University of California
Press.
- Gibson,
B. Maurer, J. (2000) Cigarette smoking in the movies:
The influence of product placement on attitudes toward
smoking and smokers. J. Applied Social Psychology
30(7):1457-1473.
- Hines,
D., Saris R.N., Throckmorton-Belzer, L. (2000) Cigarette
smoking in popular films: Does it increase viewers'
liklihood to smoke? J. Applied Social Psychology
30: 2246-2269.
- Shields,
D. L., Carol, J., et al. (1999) Hollywood on tobacco:
How the entertainment industry understands tobacco
portrayal. Tobacco
Control 8(4): 378-86.
- Pechmann,
C., Shih, C. (1999) Smoking in movies and antismoking
advertisements before movies: Effects on youth. J.
Marketing 63(3): 1-13.
- Distefan,
J. Gilpin, E., et al. (1999) Do movie stars encourage
adolescents to start smoking? Evidence from California.
Prev.
Med. 28: 1-11.
- Teti,
T., Glantz, S. (1998) Smoking in movies remained high
in 1997. Tobacco
Control 7: 441-442.
- Everett,
S., Schnuth, R., et al. (1998) Tobacco and alcohol
use in top-grossing American films. J.
Community Health 23(4): 317-324.
- McIntosh, W.D., Bazzini, D.G., et al. (1998) Who
smokes in Hollywood? Charachteristics of smokers in
popular films from 1940 to 1989. Addictive
Behaviors 23(3):395-398.
- Vanzi,
M. (1997) Lawmaker targets on-screen smoking. Los
Angeles Times. Los Angeles, CA: 3 October 26.
- Stockwell,
T., Glantz, S. (1997) Tobacco use in increasing popular
films. Tobacco
Control 6: 282-284.
- Parker-Pope,
T. (1997) Push against smoking opens on silver screen.
Wall Street Journal. New York, NY: B1 May 19.
- Gellene,
D. (1997) Anti-smoke screen: LA County films ads to
counter cigarettes' 'cool' image —but few theaters
show them. Los Angeles Times. Los Angeles,
CA: D1 December 11.
- Chapman,
S. and R. Davis (1997) Tobacco use in films: Is it
a problem? Tobacco
Control 6: 269-271.
- Thomas,
K. (1996) Hollywood's cigarette break of sorts. USA
Today: D6 November 7, 1996.
- Thomas,
K. (1996). Lighting up: Tobacco has a role in most
movies. USA Today: D6 November 7, 1996.
- Thomas,
K. (1996) No waiting to inhale: Cigarettes light up
the movies. USA Today: D1 November 7, 1996.
- Pechmann,
C., Shih, C. (1996) How Smoking in Movies and Anti-Smoking
Ads before Movies May Affect Teenagers' Perceptions
of Peers Who Smoke. Irvine, CA, Graduate School of
Management, University of California, Irvine.
- Kalish,
D. (1996) Fewer Americans smoke, but Hollywood can't
kick habit. Associated Press October 22.
- Glantz,
S.A., Slade, J., et al. (1996) The
Cigarette Papers. Berkeley, CA, University
of California Press.
- Dutka,
E. (1996) Force of Habit: Where there's smoke, there's
Hollywood. The portrayal of smoking on-screen goes
on, much to the dismay of activists who are locked
in battle with the tobacco industry. Los Angeles
Times. Los Angeles, CA September 5.
- Hazan,
A., Glantz, S. (1995) Current trends in tobacco use
on prime-time fictional television (letter). Am.
J. Pub. Health 85: 116-117.
- Hazan,
A., Lipton, H., Glantz, S. (1994) Popular films do
not reflect current tobacco use. Am.
J. Public Health 84: 998-1000
- Magnus, P.
(1985) Superman and the Marlboro woman: The lungs
of Lois Lane. NY
State Journal of Medicine 85:342-343.
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